Four Quadrant

Four-quadrant potentiostats support bidirectional current and voltage control across all four quadrants of the I-V plane, enabling advanced testing of devices that both consume and generate energy. They are essential for photovoltaic cell characterisation, battery cycling studies, energy harvesting research, and testing devices that operate across multiple I-V quadrants. Our four-quadrant models integrate seamlessly with standard electrochemical techniques and offer the dynamic range needed for complex energy conversion studies.